Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Calcium Alginate: Thermodynamic Compatibility of Interpenetrating Networks, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties

The synthesis and physicochemical properties of hydrogels with interpenetrated physical chemical networks were considered in relation to their prospective application as biomimetic materials biomedicine bioengineering. study was focused on combined based natural polysaccharide—calcium alginate (CaAlg) a synthetic polymer–polyacrylamide (PAAm). series varying proportions among polyacrylamide have been synthesized, water uptake has characterized depending composition. equilibrium swelling re-swelling after drying considered. compatibility the blend studied by thermodynamic approach. It showed controversial combination negative enthalpy mixing PAAm CaAlg positive Gibbs energy mixing. Mechanical electrical gels double networking relevant for use scaffolds tissue regeneration working bodies actuators. storage modulus loss determined oscillatory compression mode function polymers. Both moduli substantially increased content PAAm. (Donnan) potential measured using capillary electrode technique. Donnan at all compositions hydrogels, its absolute values